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Types of Business Research Written by William G. Zikmund, Barry J. Babin, Jon C. Carr, and Mitch Griffin in Business Research Methods. South-Western Cengage Learning. 2009. Business research covers a wide range of phenomena. For managers, the purpose of research is to provide knowledge regarding the organization, the market, the economy, or another area of uncertainty.   I. Definition Business research is the application of the scientific method in searching for the truth about business phenomena. These activities include defining business opportunities and problems, generating and evaluating alternative courses of action, and monitoring employee and organizational performance. Business research is more than conducting surveys. This process includes idea and theory development, problem definition, searching for and collecting information, analyzing data, and communicating the findings and their implications. This definition suggests that business research information is not intuiti...

          Dimensions of Social Sciences Research    Written by Johann Mouton in Basic Concepts in the Methodology of the Social Sciences . 1996. Human Sciences Research Council. South Africa. pp. 7-15. In terms of this model research in the social sciences would be defined as follows: Social sciences research is a collaborative human activity in which social reality is studied objectively with the aim of gaining a valid understanding of it. The following dimensions of research in the social sciences are emphasized in this definition a. the sociological dimension: scientific research is a joint or collaborative activity; b. the ontological dimension: research in the social sciences is always directed at an aspect or aspects of social reality; c. the ideological dimension : as a human activity, research in the social sciences is intentional and goal-directed, its main aim being the understanding of phenomena; d. the epistemological...

                            Differences between Master’s                                     and Doctoral Theses Written by Brian Paltridge and Sue Starfiel in Thesis and Dissertation Writing in a Second Language , A handbook for supervisors. 2007. Routledge. New York.pp.55-56. An important point for students to consider before they write their research proposal is the degree they are writing it for, and what that degree requires of them. A number of writers have discussed differences in expectations between master’s and doctoral theses, and their characterizing features (e.g. Madsen 1992; Elphinstone and Schweitzer 1998; Tinkler and Jackson 2000). It is important for students to un...

                      Example of Students' Needs Questionnaire                                                         Suggested by                            David Nunan. 1999 in Second Language Teaching & Learning.                                                 Boston: Hei...

Tasaro GK Kinanthi's Social Vulnerability in Tasaro GK's Novel Kinanthi - Terlahir Kembali (2) Written by Ari Julianto III. The Indicators of Kinanthi’s Social Vulnerability In this study, the word ‘indicator’ means a pointer or an index. Some broad indicators appear repeatedly in social vulnerability analyses, although it is possible to choose different proxies for each indicator. The vulnerability indicators used in this study are gender, race and age. Rygel (2006: 748) states that in general, poor people living in vulnerability more vulnerable than the wealthy to disasters as well as gender, race and age. Of the various institutional environments that tend to sustain a multitude of economic barriers to different groups, it is discrimination based on race and gender that create the most insidious obstructions. 1. Age United Nations (2008: 71) describes that children should not be treated merely as small adults: they are uniquely vulnerable in ways that differ from the vulner...

Tasaro GK's Kinanthi - Terlahir Kembali Kinanthi's Social Vulnerability in Tasaro GK's Novel Kinanthi - Terlahir Kembali (1) Written by Ari Julianto I. Preface The first time I saw the cover of Kinanthi - Terlahir Kembali novel written by Tasaro GK, I had no idea what the interesting side I could find in it since the illustration of the cover which is dominated in red colour, is just like a novel for kids. There are a boy on the left and a girl on the right with different backgrounds beside them. Both are looking at the sky.  My interest came after I read the moment when Kinanthi's parents exchanged or I can say it 'sold' Kinanthi to one of her father's friends just for 50 kg of rice because of their poverty. Then, I tried to finish reading this novel which is written by a successful writer that (honestly) none of his works I have read before. When I finish reading this novel, I thought to myself that this is a potrait of an Indonesia woman whose childhood...

The Study of Written Text and Writing   Written by Charles Bazerman and Paul Prior in What Writing Does and How It Does It An Introduction to Analyzing Texts and Textual Practices. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.2004.pp 1-3. Discourse analysis has grown in popularity as a major analytical method in social science research fields such as communications studies, sociology, and anthropology. As well, it has been an increasingly popular method for research, practical applications, and pedagogical assessment in composition, education, and applied linguistics/ESL. Most discourse analysis has, however, been focused on spoken language. Yet a number of critical social domains involve significant written text. Think, for example, of schooling, scientific and disciplinary knowledge, cultural production in the arts, the everyday life of government and corporate institutions, the public spaces of news, the diverse worlds of electronic text on the World Wide Web, and other forms of widespread ...

Kata 'Skripsi' atau 'Thesis' (Tinjauan pada Sampul Skripsi FKIP Bahasa Inggris) Written by Ari Julianto Ketika melihat sejumlah sampul (cover) skripsi FKIP Bahasa Inggris di berbagai perguruan tinggi, mata saya tertuju pada kata THESIS untuk menyatakan karya tulis sarjana strata 1. Namun, di lain cover saya menemukan kata SKRIPSI pada sampul skripsi para mahasiswa. Mengingat FKIP Bahasa Inggris harus menggunakan Bahasa Inggris untuk setiap karya tulisnya, maka kebingungan muncul apakah kata SKRIPSI harus diterjemahkan menjadi THESIS atau tidak. Jika tugas akhir S1 menggunakan istilah THESIS, lalu bagaimana dengan S2 ? Jika S1 dan S2 sama-sama menggunakan istilah THESIS, maka akan ada kerancuan ketika seorang mahasiswa S1 menyatakan kalimat seperti "I am preparing my Thesis". Asumsi orang yang mendengarnya si mahasiswa tersebut sedang di akhir perkuliahan S2 padahal sebenarnya tidak. Umumnya, ketika kata THESIS digunakan oleh mahasiswa di cover skripsinya, dipe...

   Four Ebooks for Academic Writing Guide                                        Written by Ari Julianto We are both experienced in the process of academic writing within our own disciplines and have worked with academic writers for many years. During this time, we have identified a range of common fears and problems that people bring to the academic writing process. Today's posting (my 123rd posting) I would like to share four of my ebook collections to you in the hope that these books will be used as your research writing reference and also as your input materials in understanding academic writing. 1. Academic Writing, A Handbook for International Students by Stephen Bailey This handbook has been fully revised to help students reach this goal. This book is Clearly organised and the cou rse explains the writing process from start to fini...

Testing Language Skills for Educational Research Written by Ari Julianto In conducting educational research, one of the instruments mostly used by researchers is a test. The test in educational research usually is an achievement test. It means that a test where the individual's grade is a measure of how  well he or she did on comparison with a large group of test takers. In educational research based on the problem of the research, the researcher commonly use a test as the instrument of the research. Creswell (2012: 151) states that instrument is a tool for measuring, observing, or documenting quantitative data. I. Definition of Test According to Richards and Scmidt (2002: 546) a test is defines as any procedure for measuring ability, knowledge, or performance. They add that test item is a question or element in a test that requires an answer or response. Meanwhile OOsterhof (2003: 7) defines a test as any vehicle used to obser that attribute, and includes writtemn tests, performan...

Topics to Avoid In Writing the Research Paper Written by Anthony C. Winkler and Jo Ray McCuen-Metherell in Writing the Research Paper A Handbook. 2008. Wadsworth. Some topics present unusual diffi culties; others are simply a waste of time. What follows is a summary of topics to avoid.   1. Topics that are too big Check the OPAC or card catalog at your library. If you find that lots of books have been written about your topic, then it is probably too big. Reference sources that multiply like flies; a bibliography that grows like a weed; opinions, data, and information that come pouring in from hundreds of sources—all indicate a topic that is too big. The solution is to narrow the topic without making it trivial. Examples: India in the Age of the Moguls could be narrowed to Royal Monuments of India during the Age of the Moguls 2. Topics based on a single source The research paper is intended to expose you to the opinions of different authorities,to a variety of books, articles, and...

         Four Ebooks About Writing Thesis Guide                                              Written by Ari Julianto There are many ebooks of writing thesis guide available in google engine search. And as a beginner or student who will start in writing skripsi or thesis, any kind of reference is useful to support you in writing skripsi or thesis. Today's posting I would like to share four ebooks about writing thesis guide. I would not say that these four ebooks are the best ones but these are very useful. At least these references might help you in preparing your skripsi or thesis.   1. Writing A Thesis In education by Academic Language and Literacy Development Faculty of Education. 2012. Monash University. Actually this is a ...

Use Language That Reduces Bias  Written by John W. Creswell in Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research page 277-278 A research report needs to be sensitive and respectful of people and places. Your study submitted to a dissertation or thesis committee, to a journal, or to a conference will be rejected if you are insensitive to individuals or cultural groups. The APA has compiled information and developed guidelines about the use of writing strategies for reducing bias in the language of research reports (APA, 2010). These guidelines state using language that avoids demeaning attitudes, including biased assumptions, and awkward constructions that suggest bias because of gender, sexual orientation, racial or ethnic group, disability, or age. One helpful suggestion, developed by Maggio (1991), is to test your written research report for discriminatory language by: a. Substituting your own group for groups being discussed b. Imag...

Ragam Tugas Akademik dalam Bentuk Tulisan   Written by Ari Julianto Selama masa pendidikan di perguruan tinggi, para mahasiswa dihadapkan dengan sejumlah tugas akademik dalam bentuk tulisan. Beragam tugas akademik ini tidak semua diterapkan, namun setidaknya para mahasiswa memahami perbedaan beagam jenis tugas akademik dalam bentuk tulisan.  Menurut Salam Burhanuddin.dalam Cara Belajar yang Sukses di Perguruan Tinggi menyatakan bahwa sejumlah tugas akademik yang dihadapi mahasiswa di Perguruan tinggi dapat dibedakan antara lain: 1. Makalah (Inggris: Paper) Pembahasannya difokuskan pada masalah tertentu yang biasanya berhubungan dengan suatu mata kuliah atau bidang spesialisasi tertentu. 2. Laporan (Inggris: Report) Isinya terpusat pada hasil studi tentang sesuatu yaitu studi lapangan atau studi tentang suatu buku. 3. Tugas Akhir (Inggris: Terminal paper) Semacam karya akademis yang pembahasannya didasarkan kepada studi kepustakaan. Biasanya disusun ketika akan mengakhiri suatu...