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                            Ragam Jenis Penelitian Written by Ari Julianto Penelitian dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi bermacam-macam. Klasifikasi tersebut dapat dilakukan berdasarkan beberapa tinjauan. Secara umum setiap ilmu pengetahuan bertujuan mengembangkan ilmu baru dan secara khusus ilmu pengetahuan bertujuan: 1. menggambarkan (to describe) 2. meramalkan (to predict) 3. mengendalikan (to control) 4. menerangkan (to explain) Namun, beberapa ahli dan penulis memiliki klasifikasi yang berbeda tergantung dari sudut pandang dan penilaian mereka masing-masing. Berikut rangkuman jenis-jenis penelitian ditinjau dari beragam aspek. P = Penelitian R = Research S = Studi/Study 1. Berdasarkan Bidang Ilmu a. P. Pendidikan (Educational R.) b. P. Kedokteran (Medical R.) c. P. Keperawatan (Nursing R.) dan sebagainya 2. Berdasarkan Pendekatan dan Bentuk Data a. P. K...

                                    Advantages and Disadvantages                              of Experimental Research in Education   Written by Daniel Muijs in Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. 2004. London. SAGE Publications Ltd. pp 22-26 . I. Advantages One of the things we are often trying to do in quantitative research is determine what causes what – what is cause and what is effect. Often when talking about the results of research, the term ‘cause’ is used both frequently and loosely, e.g. ‘an overly academic curriculum is a cause of pupil disaffection’.Many studies want to determine causes, and policy frequently wants to address causes of perceived problems (e.g...

             Basic Research Design   Written by Nicholas Walliman in Research Methods: The Basics. 2011. New York. Routledge There are numerous types of research design that are appropriate for the different types of research projects. The choice of which design to apply depends on the nature of the problems posed by the research aims. Each type of research design has a range of research methods that are commonly used to collect and analyse the type of data that is generated by the investigations. Here is a list of some of the more common research designs, with a short explanation of the characteristics of each. 1. HISTORICAL This aims at a systematic and objective evaluation and synthesis of evidence in order to establish facts and draw conclusions about past events. It uses primary historical data, such as archaeological remains as well as documentary sources of the past. It is usually necessary to carry out tests in order to check the auth...

Jenis-jenis Desain Ekperimental                                 Written by Ari Julianto Posting kali ini saya ingin membahas tentang beragam desain penelitian eksperiemntal. Ditinjau berdasarkan tingkat pengendalian variable, desain penelitian eksperimental dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga, yaitu : a. Desain penelitian pra-eksperimental(Pre-experiment), b. desain penelitian eksperimental semu (Quasy Experiment), dan c. desain penelitian eksperimental sungguhan (tTrue Experiment). 1.Desain penelitian pra-eksperimental (Pre-experiment) Desain penelitian pra-eksperimental ada tiga jenis yaitu 1) one-shot case study, 2) one-group pre-post tes design, dan 3) static group design menurut Suryabrata (2000 : 55), Fraenkel dan Wallen (2008: 265). a. One-shot case study Prosedur desain penelitian one-shot case study adalah sebagai berikut. Sekolompo...

            Types of Action Research Written by Ari Julianto There are different types of action research that depend upon the participants involved. A plan of research can involve a single teacher investigating an issue in his or her classroom, a group of teachers working on a common problem, or a team of teachers and others focusing on a school- or district-wide issue. 1. Individual teacher research This type usually focuses on a single issue in the classroom. The teacher may be seeking solutions to problems of classroom management, instructional strategies, use of materials, or student learning. Teachers may have support of their supervisor or principal, an instructor for a course they are taking, or parents. The problem is one that the teacher believes is evident in his or her classroom and one that can be addressed on an individual basis. The research may then be such that the teacher collects data or may involve looking at stu...

    Penelitian Pengembangan/Development Research                                                (2)                                                   Written by Ari Julianto B. Ciri Utama Penelitian dan Pengembangan Borg and Gall (1983) menjelaskan empat ciri utama dalampenelitian dan pengembangan, yaitu: 1. Studying research findings pertinent to the product to be develop, 2. Developing the product base on this findings. 3. Field testing it in the setting where it will be used eventually, 4. Revising it t...

    Penelitian Pengembangan/ Development Research                                                        (1)                                                              Written by Ari Julianto A.Definisi Penelitian Pengembangan Pada awalnya, metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau research and development (R & D) mulai diterapkan pada dunia industri. Sedangkan dalam bidang sosial dan pendidikan, peranan research and development masih sangat kecil dan kurang dari 1% dari biaya pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Hal ini dianggap sebagai...

                   Experimental Research                                Written by Ari Julianto      Today posting discusses about experimental research. Experimental Research is also called Empirical Research or Cause and Effect Method. The experimental method in educational research is the application and adaptation of the classical method of experimentation.       It is a scientifically sophisticated method. It provides a  method of investigation to derive basic relationships among phenomena under controlled condition or, more simply, to identify the conditions underlying the occurrence of a given phenomenon. Experimental research is the description and analysis of what will be, or what will occur, under carefully controlled conditions.   ...

                          Correlational Research       Written by Ari Julianto           Today posting discusses about correlational research. From the word correlation, we could understand the meaning of it. Most research falls into one of two categories: correlational and experimental.       Understanding the differences between these two types of research is one of the major goals of any introductory research methods course.Correlational research tests for statistical relationships between variables.       The researcher begins with the idea that there might be a relationship between two variables.  She or he then measures both variables for each of a large number of cases and checks to see if they are in fact related.  The relationship of interest cou...

                   Contrastive Research                                              Written by Ari Julianto       Today, I would like to post one of the research types in which the contents I have arranged the best I could do. From the word contrast we could understand that we have to find out the difference and the similarities.       Gast (2011) defines contrastive research as an analysis that  investigates the differences between pairs (or small sets) of languages against the background of similarities and with the purpose of providing input to applied disciplines such as foreign language teaching and translation studies.  ...

                         Action Research                                                                                                                              Written by Ari Julianto       This time, I would like to discuss about the ...

Educational Research (3) Written by T. Neville Postlethwaite, Institute of Comparative Education University of Hamburg from Educational Research: Some Basic Concepts and Terminology 4. Pilot testing       At the pilot testing stage the instruments (tests, questionnaires,observation schedules, etc.) are administered to a sample of the kinds of individuals that will be required to respond in the final data collection. For example, school principals and/or teachers and/or students in a small number of schools in the target population.       If the target population has been specified as, for example, Grade 5 in primary school, knowledge should exist in the Ministry, or in the inspectorate, about which schools are good, average, and poor schools in terms of educational achievement levels or in the general conditions of school buildings and facilities. A ‘judgement sample’of five to eight schools can then be drawn in order to represent a rang...

Educational Research (1) Written by T. Neville Postlethwaite, Institute of Comparative Education University of Hamburg. from Educational Research: Some Basic Concepts and Terminology.   I. Introduction       Research is the orderly investigation of a subject matter for the purpose of adding to knowledge. Research can mean ‘re-search’ implying that the subject matter is already known but, for one reason or another, needs to be studied again.       Alternatively, the expression can be used without a hyphen and in this case it typically means investigating a new problem or phenomenon. Within the realm of educational planning, many things are always changing: the structure of the education system, curriculum and textbooks, modes of teaching, methods of teacher training, the amount and type of provisions to schools such as science laboratories, textbooks, furniture, classroom supplies, and so on.       Thes...